SOAL Assesment Unit 4 Bahasa Inggris Kelas 12 Kurikulum Merdeka dan Kunci Jawaban, Link Buku Paket

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Assessment

Read the following text and answer the questions individually

Environmental Impact of Online Shopping In the past few decades, the way we shop has changed dramatically. We used to buy our goods in traditional shops, on the high street or in department stores. Now, customers are increasingly buying online, where they can order whatever they want directly to their door with the click of a mouse. One in seven sales are now made online and studies suggest
that by 2021, global online retail will reach an enormous US$4.8 trillion. As companies race to improve their internet shopping experience, the trend towards shopping online is predicted to continue.

But what is the impact of all this online shopping on the environment? You might think that online shopping is
greener than in-store shopping. After all, an online store does not use the electricity that a traditional store might use and
it doesn’t require the customer to drive anywhere. Items are 

often delivered to several homes at once, so you would think the carbon savings must be significant. Take the typical home
delivery round in the UK, for example. Supermarket drivers often do 120 deliveries on an 80-kilometer round, producing
20 kilograms of CO2 in total. In contrast, a 21-kilometer drive to the store and back for one household would generate 24
times more CO2!

However, the reality is slightly more complex than that. Many home deliveries fail the first time and the driver has
to make a second or third attempt to deliver the purchase. Customers who choose speedy delivery or those who buy
single items from different places also contribute towards increasing the carbon footprint.

The carbon footprint also goes up if the customer chooses to return the item. A study in Germany showed that as many
as one in three online purchases are returned. According to another study, merchandise worth nearly US$326 million
is returned each year in the USA. Two billion kilograms of this ends up in landfill, leading to 13 tonnes of CO2 being
released.

In Indonesia, online returns can involve a number of environmentally damaging activities. Consumers sending
items back, and couriers collecting and redistributing them, all means extra driving and thus traffic congestion and
carbon emissions. Cleaning, repairing and/or repackaging returned items mean consuming more natural resources
and potentially using more materials that contain fossil fuels or palm oils. Processing, transporting and landfill of singleuse or non-recyclable packaging used in returns mean more
land use and a greater carbon footprint.

Clothing is one product that has high return rates. Unlike in a walk-in store, the online shopper can’t try things on
before buying. So, companies offer free returns to make it easier for shoppers to purchase the same item of clothing in
different sizes and colors. Customers try them at home, keep one and return the rest of them. However, when clothes are
returned, they are not always cleaned and put back for sale. This is because many companies have found it cheaper to
simply throw away the returned items than to pay someone to sort the damaged goods from the unwanted ones. In
these cases, the returned clothes, which might be in perfect condition, end up in landfills or burnt.

When we take all these factors into consideration, we realize that online shopping isn’t necessarily as green as people
might think. That last kilometer to your door is costly, for companies and for the environment. There is some positive
news, as various online retailers are starting to lower their carbon footprint by investing in electric delivery vehicles.
However, the question of how to deal with returns efficiently and without waste is a challenge that many companies have
not wanted to face. As online shoppers become aware of what companies are doing, and campaign groups demand
urgent action in the face of the climate and ecological emergency, there is increasing pressure for companies to
take responsibility for the environmental impact of their activities.